Landscape effects on anuran pond occupancy in an agricultural countryside: barrier-based buffers predict distributions better than circular buffers

نویسندگان

  • Flavio Zanini
  • Anna Klingemann
  • Rodolphe Schlaepfer
  • Benedikt R. Schmidt
چکیده

Species movement and occupancy of habitat patches are dependent on landscape permeability. Some land-use types (e.g., roads) may be barriers to animal movement. Analyses of the effect of landscape structure on patch occupancy usually use circular buffers around focal patches. The main assumption of this methodological approach is that species are affected by a particular landscape element equally in every direction from a given patch. This assumption is likely not to hold if animal movement is restricted by barriers because barriers reduce movement patterns and reshape the ideal circular buffer into a noncircular buffer. We developed a method to determine the effect of landscape variables on the distribution of two amphibian species that explicitly takes dispersal barriers into account. We extracted landscape variables within (i) circular buffers (CB) and (ii) barrier-based buffers (BBB). BBB were produced by reducing the boundaries of CB according to major impassable barriers. The BBB approach almost doubled the explained deviance of multiple regression models in comparison with the CB approach. Moreover, CB and BBB models included different predictor variables. We suggest that the BBB approach is more useful than the traditional CB analyses of species–habitat relationships because ecological barriers are explicitly taken into account. Résumé : Le déplacement des espèces et leur utilisation des parcelles d’habitat dépendent de la perméabilité du paysage. Certaines utilisations des terres (par ex., routes) peuvent devenir des barrières pour le déplacement des animaux. Les analyses des effets de la structure du paysage sur l’utilisation des parcelles utilisent généralement des zones tampons circulaires autour des parcelles ciblées. La présupposition principale de cette approche méthodologique est que les espèces sont affectées de façon égale dans toutes les directions autour de la parcelle par un élément donné du paysage. Cette présupposition risque de ne pas tenir lorsque le déplacement des animaux est restreint par des barrières, parce que les barrières limitent les patrons de déplacement et transforment la zone tampon idéale de circulaire en non circulaire. Nous avons mis au point une méthode qui détermine les effets de variables du paysage sur la répartition de deux espèces d’amphibiens et qui tient compte de façon explicite des barrières à la dispersion. Nous avons extrait les variables du paysage au sein (i) de « zones tampons circulaires » (CB) et (ii) de « zones tampons basées sur les barrières » (BBB). Nous avons produit les BBB en réduisant les CB en fonction des principales barrières infranchissables. Par rapport à l’approche CB, l’utilisation de BBB double presque l’explication des écarts à la moyenne dans les modèles de régression multiple. De plus, les modèles CB et BBB incluent plusieurs variables prédictives. Nous croyons que la méthode BBB est plus utile que les analyses traditionnelles CB des relations espèce–habitat, car elle tient compte explicitement des barrières

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تاریخ انتشار 2008